Level 4 (37-48 marks)
A fluent and analytical investigation which explores the chosen topic from a clear, autonomous and critical perspective, making use of extensive and wide-ranging research which has clearly been employed in the investigation and detailed in the bibliography, making use of a wide range of academic, media and contextual sources. The investigation demonstrates sophisticated research and engagement with the primary text(s) and a range of secondary texts. It is well presented with a very detailed bibliography/source list (AO4).
The investigation demonstrates sophisticated knowledge and understanding of media concepts, contexts and critical debates relevant to the chosen area of investigation. The work contextualises the study and the linked production piece effectively within the contemporary media landscape (AO1).
At the top of this level candidates demonstrate very good understanding of the chosen area of investigation, very good, independent research skills and very good application of media concepts, contexts and critical debates. The link between the investigation and the production is cogent, clear and evident.
How are reality Tv documentaries, such as Wife Swap and Supernanny constructed? Why is this genre so popular?
In danger of losing its mainstream audience, terrestrial TV had to provide a “cheap alternative to drama” , which was found in “Reality TV”, a factual based genre with high entertainment values. - Shows sophisticated research introducing the topic of the critical investigation.
This is seen in Titicut Follies (Frederick Wiseman, 1967), a documentary about “the horrid conditions at a Massachusetts asylum” showing the “raw, hellish reality of living” there. The cinema verité style is also seen in Police (Roger Graef, UK, 1982), a popular “fly-on-the-wall documentary” . These documentaries showed real people in real situations, and this concept of “reality” is what programmes like Supernanny and Wife Swap aim to achieve. For example, Supernanny’s voice over provides specific information about the family, representing them as real people with real situations. We are given their names, “the Collins family”, we see them in their house and back garden. However, some may argue this is hyper-reality, "the simulation of something which never really existed" , and that audiences are unable to distinguish reality and constructed reality. - Shows understanding of media concepts/refering back to media terms and theories.
Both Supernanny and Wife Swap take full use of the codes and conventions of documentary, as it is a well regarded factual genre. These conventions include fly-on-the wall footage, voice over, interviews and music, which is seen in Wife Swap. - media concepts/ analysis of texts clearly.
"Reality TV couldn’t be the success story it is if it didn’t appeal to lots of different kinds of audiences” . Wife Swap is targeted at 16-45 year olds with a wider audience of 14-60 year olds. Interestingly, the documentary has the capability to appeal to all of Young and Rubican’s 4Cs as the documentary represents these people through their lifestyle and values, which audiences can identify and support. - Shows research skills
To conclude, Reality TV is constructed using conventions of documentary, to reflect its representations of the truth and reality. These fly-on-the wall documentaries represent themselves as “real”, but institutions mediate the content to reflect their own ideologies such as hegemony, to produce high entertainment values. However, we must consider audiences are becoming more active in their viewing, and there is a “heightened general awareness of fakery” in reality documentaries, affecting the reputation of “more serious, kinds of documentary” that it adopts from. Supernanny and Wife Swap are popular because they appeal to a wide range of audiences and reflect issues and cultural differences in society. - Shows sophisticated research and engagement with the primary texts refering to Supernanny and Wife Swap. Also link between the investigation and the production is cogent, clear and evident.
Wide-ranging research which has clearly been employed in the investigation and detailed in the bibliography is showed in bilbliography in which Bianca used books, newspapers, the internet and moving image texts to provide evidence which shows wide ranging research over the three media platforms.
Wednesday, 9 November 2011
Thursday, 3 November 2011
Newspapers- The effect of technology
The Arab Spring:
Gurdian Newspaper: http://gu.com/p/3x42a
Ian Tomlinson's death
Gurdian Newspaper: http://gu.com/p/32kap
Gaddafi's death
Gurdian Newspaper: http://gu.com/p/32za6
Gurdian Newspaper: http://gu.com/p/3x42a
Ian Tomlinson's death
Gurdian Newspaper: http://gu.com/p/32kap
Gaddafi's death
Gurdian Newspaper: http://gu.com/p/32za6
Monday, 31 October 2011
The Rise and Rise of UGC - Questions
A. What is meant by the term 'citizen journalist'?
A citizen journalist is referred to ordinary people who generate the news.
B. What was one of the first examples of news being generated by ordinary people?
One of the first examples of news being generated by ordinary people was the home-made footage of Rodney King, an African-American, after a high speed chase, the officers surrounded him and beat him up with clubs. An onlooker from his apartment window footage made prime-time news and became and international media sensation. The event led to six days of rioting, 53 people dead and 4000 people badly injured.
C. List some of the formats for participation that are now offered by news organisations.
A citizen journalist is referred to ordinary people who generate the news.
B. What was one of the first examples of news being generated by ordinary people?
One of the first examples of news being generated by ordinary people was the home-made footage of Rodney King, an African-American, after a high speed chase, the officers surrounded him and beat him up with clubs. An onlooker from his apartment window footage made prime-time news and became and international media sensation. The event led to six days of rioting, 53 people dead and 4000 people badly injured.
C. List some of the formats for participation that are now offered by news organisations.
- Message Boards
- Chartrooms
- Q&A
- Polls
- Blogs with comments enabled
- Have your says
D. What is one of the main differences between professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand (UGC)?
One of the main differences between professionally shot footage and first-hand is the quality of the recording. First-hand footage is usually recorded by citizen journalists in which the quality is quite low and is usually hand held shots. Professionally shot footage usually is recorded after the event and is usually high quality footage which is used in news reports.
E. What is a gatekeeper?
A gatekeeper is the person who decides which UCG footage is shown during the news programme.
F. How has the role of a gatekeeper changed?
Gatekeepers receive more and more footages of UCG, in which audiences want to be shown in the news.
The Rise and Rise of UGC
Is reality becoming more real? The rise and rise of UGC
Sara Mills explores the rise of the citizen journalist and considers the impact of user-generated content on news stories, the news agenda, and the role of the professionals.
Sara Mills explores the rise of the citizen journalist and considers the impact of user-generated content on news stories, the news agenda, and the role of the professionals.
Once, it was all quite simple…the big institutions created the news and broadcast it to a variously passive and receptive audience. Now new technologies mean that the audience are no longer passive receivers of news. The audience have become ‘users’ and the users have become publishers. Audiences now create their own content. We are in the era of user generated content (UGC) where the old divide between institution and audience is being eroded.
Key to this change has been the development of new technologies such as video phones and the growth of the internet and user-dominated sites. Both who makes the news and what makes the news have been radically altered by this growth of media technologies and the rise of the ‘citizen journalist’.
We first felt the effects of the new technologies way back in 1991. Video cameras had become more common and more people could afford them…unfortunately for four Los Angeles police officers!
Key to this change has been the development of new technologies such as video phones and the growth of the internet and user-dominated sites. Both who makes the news and what makes the news have been radically altered by this growth of media technologies and the rise of the ‘citizen journalist’.
We first felt the effects of the new technologies way back in 1991. Video cameras had become more common and more people could afford them…unfortunately for four Los Angeles police officers!
Having caught Rodney King, an African-American, after a high speed chase, the officers surrounded him, tasered him and beat him with clubs. The event was filmed by an onlooker from his apartment window. The home-video footage made prime-time news and became an international media sensation, and a focus for complaints about police racism towards African-Americans. Four officers were charged with assault and use of excessive force, but in 1992 they were acquitted of the charges. This acquittal, in the face of the video footage which clearly showed the beatings, sparked huge civil unrest. There were six days of riots, 53 people died, and around 4000 people were injured. The costs of the damage, looting and clear-up came in at up to a billion dollars. If George Holliday hadn’t been looking out of his apartment window and made a grab for his video camera at the time Rodney King was apprehended, none of this would have happened. King’s beating would be just another hidden incident with no consequences. The film footage can be still be viewed. Try looking on YouTube under ‘What started the LA riots.’ But be warned – it makes for very uncomfortable viewing, and even today, it is easy to see why this minute and half of blurry, poor-quality film had such a huge impact.
This was one of the first examples of the news being generated by ‘ordinary people,’ now commonly known as ‘citizen journalists’, ‘grassroots journalists’, or even ‘accidental journalists’. As technology improved over the years, incidents of this kind have become more and more common. Millions of people have constant access to filming capability through their mobiles, and footage can be uploaded and rapidly distributed on the internet. The power to make and break news has moved beyond the traditional news institutions.
This was one of the first examples of the news being generated by ‘ordinary people,’ now commonly known as ‘citizen journalists’, ‘grassroots journalists’, or even ‘accidental journalists’. As technology improved over the years, incidents of this kind have become more and more common. Millions of people have constant access to filming capability through their mobiles, and footage can be uploaded and rapidly distributed on the internet. The power to make and break news has moved beyond the traditional news institutions.
It is not only in providing footage for the news that citizen journalists have come to the forefront. UGC now plays a huge role in many aspects of the media. Most news organisations include formats for participation: message boards, chat rooms, Q&A, polls, have your says, and blogs with comments enabled. Social media sites are also built around UGC as seen in the four biggest social networking sites: Bebo, MySpace, YouTube and Facebook. People also turn to UGC sites to access news: Wikipedia news, Google news and YouTube score highly in terms of where people go to get their news.
The natural disaster of the Asian Tsunami on December 26th 2004 was another turning point for UGC. Much of the early footage of events was provided from citizen journalists, or ‘accidental journalists,’ providing on-the-spot witness accounts of events as they unfolded. Tourists who would otherwise have been happily filming holiday moments were suddenly recording one of the worst natural disasters in recent times. In addition, in the days after the disaster, social networking sites provided witness accounts for a world-wide audience, helped survivors and family members get in touch and acted as a forum all those involved to share their experiences.
A second terrible event, the London bombings on July 5th 2005, provided another opportunity for citizen journalists to influence the mainstream news agenda. No one was closer to events than those caught up in the bombings, and the footage they provided from their mobile phones was raw and uncompromising. This first-hand view, rather than professionally shot footage from behind police lines, is often more hard-hitting and emotive. An audience used to relatively unmediated reality through the prevalence of reality TV can now see similarly unmediated footage on the news.
The desire for everyone to tell their own story and have their own moment of fame may explain the huge popularity of Facebook, MySpace and other such sites. It also had a more negative outcome in the package of writings, photos and video footage that 23-year-old Seung-Hui Cho, an undergraduate at Virginia Tech, mailed into NBC News. Between his first attack, when he shot two people, he sent the package from a local post office, before going on to kill a further 30 people. In his so-called ‘manifesto’ Cho showed his paranoia and obsession, likening himself to Jesus Christ. The reporting of the terrible events at Virginia Tech that day was also affected by citizen journalism, and the footage that student Jamal Albarghouti shot on his mobile phone video camera. Rather than concentrate on saving his own life, he recorded events from his position lying on the ground near the firing. The footage, available on YouTube and CNN brought events home to a worldwide audience. We now expect passers by, witnesses, or even victims, to whip out their camera phones and record events, an instinct almost as powerful as that to save their own or others’ lives. Perhaps the news now seems old-fashioned and somehow staged if it lacks the raw, grainy low-quality footage provided by citizen journalists.
Twitter and flickr came to the forefront during the Mumbai bombings in India in late November 2008. As bombs exploded across the city, the world’s media got up-to date with events through reports on Twitter and Flickr. There were questions raised, however, that by broadcasting their tweets, people may have been putting their own and others’ lives at risk.
It was on Twitter again that the story of the Hudson River plane crash on January 15th 2009 was broken to the world. With a dramatic picture of a plane half sinking in the river, and passengers crowded on the wing awaiting rescue Janis Krun tweeted:
There’s a plane in the Hudson. I’m on the ferry going to pick up the people. Crazy.
The picture is still available on Twitpic, under ‘Janis Krun’s tweet.’ While national news organisations quickly swung into action, it was the citizen journalist, empowered by social networking sites that first broke the story.
So who’s keeping the gate?
Are the gatekeepers still fulfilling their old function of deciding what is and isn’t news, and what will and won’t be broadcast? In some ways, yes. You can send in as much UGC to the major news organisations as you want, with no guarantee that any of it will ever be aired. In fact, last year a BBC spokesperson reported that a large proportion of photos sent in to the news unit were of kittens. While this may represent the interest of the audience, or users, it still doesn’t turn the fact that your kitten is really cute into ‘news.’
The way around the gatekeepers is with the independent media on the web. The blogosphere, for example, provides an opportunity for independent, often minority and niche views and news to reach a wide audience. In fact uniting disparate people in ‘micro-communities’ is one of the web’s greatest abilities. How else would all those ice fans communicate without the ‘Ice Chewers Bulletin Board?’ And the only place for those who like to see pictures of dogs in bee costumes is, of course, ‘Beedogs.com: the premier online repository for pictures of dogs in bee costumes.’
On a more serious note, the change in the landscape of the news means that groups who had little access to self-representation before, such as youth groups, low income groups, and various minority groups may, through citizen journalism, begin to find that they too have a voice.
Are the gatekeepers still fulfilling their old function of deciding what is and isn’t news, and what will and won’t be broadcast? In some ways, yes. You can send in as much UGC to the major news organisations as you want, with no guarantee that any of it will ever be aired. In fact, last year a BBC spokesperson reported that a large proportion of photos sent in to the news unit were of kittens. While this may represent the interest of the audience, or users, it still doesn’t turn the fact that your kitten is really cute into ‘news.’
The way around the gatekeepers is with the independent media on the web. The blogosphere, for example, provides an opportunity for independent, often minority and niche views and news to reach a wide audience. In fact uniting disparate people in ‘micro-communities’ is one of the web’s greatest abilities. How else would all those ice fans communicate without the ‘Ice Chewers Bulletin Board?’ And the only place for those who like to see pictures of dogs in bee costumes is, of course, ‘Beedogs.com: the premier online repository for pictures of dogs in bee costumes.’
On a more serious note, the change in the landscape of the news means that groups who had little access to self-representation before, such as youth groups, low income groups, and various minority groups may, through citizen journalism, begin to find that they too have a voice.
What about the professionals?
Do journalists fear for their jobs now everyone is producing content? It is likely that in future there will be fewer and fewer permanent trained staff at news organisations, leaving a smaller core staff who will manage and process UGC from citizen journalists, sometimes known as ‘crowd sourcing.’ Some believe that the mediators and moderators might eventually disappear too, leaving a world where the media is, finally, unmediated. This does raise concerns however. Without moderation sites could be overrun by bigots or fools, by those who shout loudest, and those who have little else to do but make posts. The risk of being dominated by defamatory or racist or other hate-fuelled content raises questions about unmoderated content: ‘free speech’ is great as long as you agree with what everybody is saying!
If there will be fewer jobs for trained journalists, will there also be less profit for the big institutions? This seems unlikely. Although how to ‘monetarise’ UGC – how to make money for both the generator and the host of the content – is still being debated, bigger institutions have been buying up social networking sites for the last few years. Rather than launch their own challenge, they simply buy the site. Flickr is now owned by Yahoo!, YouTube was bought by Google, Microsoft invested in Facebook, and News Corp., owned by Murdoch, bought MySpace.
There is a whole new world out there. With it comes new responsibility. There is enormous potential to expand our view of the world and our understanding of what is happening. Our collective knowledge, and wisdom, should grow. On the other hand, in twenty years time, the news could be overrun by pictures of people’s kittens and a few bigots shouting across message boards at each other.
Sara Mills teaches Media Studies at Helston Community College, Cornwall, and is an AQA examiner.
This article first appeared in MediaMagazine 30, December 2009.
Do journalists fear for their jobs now everyone is producing content? It is likely that in future there will be fewer and fewer permanent trained staff at news organisations, leaving a smaller core staff who will manage and process UGC from citizen journalists, sometimes known as ‘crowd sourcing.’ Some believe that the mediators and moderators might eventually disappear too, leaving a world where the media is, finally, unmediated. This does raise concerns however. Without moderation sites could be overrun by bigots or fools, by those who shout loudest, and those who have little else to do but make posts. The risk of being dominated by defamatory or racist or other hate-fuelled content raises questions about unmoderated content: ‘free speech’ is great as long as you agree with what everybody is saying!
If there will be fewer jobs for trained journalists, will there also be less profit for the big institutions? This seems unlikely. Although how to ‘monetarise’ UGC – how to make money for both the generator and the host of the content – is still being debated, bigger institutions have been buying up social networking sites for the last few years. Rather than launch their own challenge, they simply buy the site. Flickr is now owned by Yahoo!, YouTube was bought by Google, Microsoft invested in Facebook, and News Corp., owned by Murdoch, bought MySpace.
There is a whole new world out there. With it comes new responsibility. There is enormous potential to expand our view of the world and our understanding of what is happening. Our collective knowledge, and wisdom, should grow. On the other hand, in twenty years time, the news could be overrun by pictures of people’s kittens and a few bigots shouting across message boards at each other.
Sara Mills teaches Media Studies at Helston Community College, Cornwall, and is an AQA examiner.
This article first appeared in MediaMagazine 30, December 2009.
Wednesday, 19 October 2011
Learner Response - Essay
The internet revolution has brought along many new challenges, for big companies such as News Corp. Users today have more power which is challenging the hegemony. There is rising user generated content that is being made over the internet. Users are now able to create their own content and upload it straight on sites such as YouTube and Facebook which has presented more challenges for big companies. Even though the internet is controlled by big media institutions small cottage industries are making their own way onto the internet. Sites such as mediatakeout.com provide free celebrity news for fans and readers. However tabloid papers such as The Sun charge 25p for a paper which only contains 4 pages of celebrity news, this shows that the internet has more benefits for more users and is providing a challenge for big companies.
Users today on the internet have more power than the hegemony of old media. The internet today allows more freedom than old media does or ever has done. Users can create their own explicit content which can be watched by anyone on the internet, which would not be possible to do so with both platforms print or broadcasts. Users have the power of freedom to comment on posts made by others and comment on forums. The internet has not only brought along the internet revolution but however brought along the freedom revolution. One example of how the internet has been a source of freedom is the Arab Spring. Social networking sites such as Facebook were used to create events to arrange meetings in different Arab countries. The use of Facebook proved to be successful and became known to the world of what the internet had helped to create. The freedom that users are allowed on the e-media is the only platform that is felt to have a sense of freedom and escapism, which is worrying for big hegemony companies owning much of their conglomerates on the print and broadcast platform.
Users today on the internet have more power than the hegemony of old media. The internet today allows more freedom than old media does or ever has done. Users can create their own explicit content which can be watched by anyone on the internet, which would not be possible to do so with both platforms print or broadcasts. Users have the power of freedom to comment on posts made by others and comment on forums. The internet has not only brought along the internet revolution but however brought along the freedom revolution. One example of how the internet has been a source of freedom is the Arab Spring. Social networking sites such as Facebook were used to create events to arrange meetings in different Arab countries. The use of Facebook proved to be successful and became known to the world of what the internet had helped to create. The freedom that users are allowed on the e-media is the only platform that is felt to have a sense of freedom and escapism, which is worrying for big hegemony companies owning much of their conglomerates on the print and broadcast platform.
Monday, 17 October 2011
News Diary
News Diary of Monday 17th October 2011
Broadcast -
BBC News on BBC One
News Agenda:
1. David Cameron meets big six energy providers - (hard news)
2. Trial of Jonna Yeates – Vincent Tabak admits he strangled Jonna Yeates - (hard news)
3. Death of Iraq solider - (hard news)
4. Death of Dan Wheldon - (hard news)
5. Travellers being evicted from Dale Farm - (hard news)
6. Release of Hillsborough documents – after the accident that happened 22 years ago at Anfield - (hard news)
7. Racial discrimination of police officers - (hard news)
8. British embassy to reopen in two years in Libya – (good news)
9. Oil spillage BP - (hard news)
10. Pakistani Bowlers Trial continues- (hard news)
11. Vincent Van Gogh – book released (soft news)
BBC News London
1. London Riots and views on Met Police - (hard news)
2. SBTV Jamal Edwards – young interpreter Labour campaign –(soft news)
3. University lecturer jailed for drugs which led to murder of university student in West London - (hard news)
4. St Pauls Cathedral – Protests - (hard news)
5. Green Wall in London – (soft news)
6. Air India flight from Mumbai to Heathrow delayed at Gatwick - (hard news)
7. Bus Times available on mobile – (soft news)
8. Fauja Singh – 100 year old runner -(soft news)
The BBC news broadcast at 6pm opened with the big storyline of the ongoing problems and debates about the prices of the energy providers. The main news story was repeated throughout the news agenda. The news started of with hard news and continued with hard news throughout most of the news programme. However towards the end of the news broadcast the news became softer and happier leaving viewers happier and forgetting about the hard news that was said earlier.
Radio-
Capital FM
1. Royal Mail to get new price freedom
2. Battered teen’s mum to sue ‘all involved’
3. Dale Farm travellers refused eviction appeal
4. Hospital poisoning: 17 cases investigated
5. Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars to play at MTV EMAS
6. Katy Perry enjoys beans on tours
The news on the radio began hard news and breaking news about Royal Mail, however it broke out in soft news about celebrities and music artists.
Print -
The Sun – Tabloid – National Newspaper
1. 1. Front Page - XFACTOR Exclusive “Cowell Explodes”, - ( soft news) alongside “Brits to ‘to foot bill’ for euro” – (hard news)
2. 2. Katy Perry’s love for beans - ( soft news)
3. 3. Front page news “sort it out” x factor drop in viewers - ( soft news)
4. 4. Liam Fox – (hard news)
5. 5. Zara Philliops and Mike Tindall on holiday - ( soft news)
6. Princess Anne’s tribute to Royal Wootton Bassett - ( soft news)
7. Bizarre – The official charts, Lady Gaga and her outfits and Nicole Scherzinger - ( soft news)
8. Perfect Breasts for page 3 models – accessed by doctors - ( soft news)
9. Teen stabbed dad – (hard news)
10. Goals pull out - ( soft news)
11. Premier league news and results - ( soft news)
The Gazette (Southall) – Local Newspaper
1. Front Page- Ealing Hospital faces new cutbacks – (hard news) alongside Hindu festival –(soft news)
2. Headteachers could go on strike – (hard news)
3. A disabled women from Hanwell told to get job after benefit cuts– (hard news)
4. Private college in Ealing shut down due to license being taken away – (hard news)
5. Vitamail – spam mail – (hard news)
6. Kidney patient refused operation due to his mattress– (hard news)
7. Charity Christmas shop open – (soft news)
8. Coummunity centre could be reopened– (soft news)
9. Your Letters – (mixture of news)
10. Pictures of new school children – (soft news)
11. Houses on sale with various agents
12. Jobs
13. Local sport in the area – (soft news)
The Sun newspaper had a front line headline about the xfactor which would encourage people to buy the paper than buying a paper with hard news on it. However on the side of the newspaper was the headline about the David Cameron meeting the big six companies. However the xfactor headline looked a more important storyline on the page. In comparison to the local paper the Gazette opened the newspaper with hard news. However the hard news was about the closure of a local hospital which will shock people and which will lead them to buy the newspaper to find about more news about something that will concern them.
E-media
BBC News online website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/
1. Top 3 news article – Huhne encourages energy switching
2. Top 3 news article - Murder enquiry of Jonna Yeates
3. Top 3 news article - Liam Fox Row
4. Call from PM Hillsborough Disaster
5. White police accused of Met of racism
6. ‘End of road’ for travellers
7. Family salute Dan Wheldon
8. Afghan solider named by MoD
On the BBC news website you can watch news bulletins and news reports on main headlines. The site is user friendly and has a clear structure. On the top of the page there is a regular update of latest news. Also on the site the news is organised in different categories such as technology, entertainment, education and so on. Many of the news headlines are linked onto another page which contains the information of the news article. The news website has a mixture of hard and soft news for users as they can select which news article they would like to read. You can also register for BBC news’ RSS feeds, podcasts, text message alerts and email news. You also can comment on news articles and read the editors blog which allows users to be more interactive and put their views across.
Monday, 10 October 2011
Research on Media Institutions
"Who are the major players in terms of news providers in the UK and what exactly do they own?"
Three Media Platforms:
Print:
One of the major players in the print platform are tabloids. The Sun is one of the biggest selling newspapers in the UK daily. It has the tenth- largest circulation of any newspaper in the world and the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the UK. The Sun had an average daily circulation of 2,821,618 copies in July 2011. Between July and Decemeber 2010 it had an average daily readership of approximately 7.6 million, of whom approximately 2.65 million were in ABC1 demographic and 4.9 million in the C2DE demographic. The Sun newspaper is owned by News International (Rupert Murdoch) who has a great influence over today's media. Up until late summer 2011 The News of the World had been reffered to be the sister paper of The Sun which was also owned by News International.
News International owned by Rupert Murdoch has many collegements within News International such as The Sunday Times. Rupert Murdoch also ownes BSKYB which overlinks onto the broadcast platform as BSKYB presentes the news on Sky News.
Broadcast:
Rupert Murdoch's share in BSKYB allows him to have a influence on the news that is presented. Sky News has a 24 hour channel which reports breaking news to the public. Vaules which are presented in News International's papers are also presented in Sky News. TV Channels one to five all show the news are regular intervals and times. On BBC Three every hour there is usually an 60 second update for viewers about the news. However, although there are many channels on BSKYB one of the biggers major players in terms of news providers are the BBC. As the BBC is government funded and ran it provides a 24 hour news coverage channel and a daily news show called 'The Breakfast Show' on BBC 1 every morning.
E-media:
Alongside tabloid newspaper's websites online there is a variety of sources that provide news. MSN and BBC are one of the insitutions that provide online news to users. News online has a high readership as it can be accessed from anywhere on the go. Also many users subscribe to RSS feeds of the news sites which provide news readers with the news on their phones about breaking headlines about the world around us.
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